How to teach literature online.
In some of my online classes, students have organized small groups for “remote team working”. They do it in order to give presentations about authors and their literary production, contextualizing them historically, literately and sometimes politically. Thus, a short story “A Summer’s Reading” by B.Malamud was written in 1930s, during “the great depression” in the USA, and reflected the life of immigrants at that historical period. Another short story “Rules of the Game” by A.Tan is also about immigrants. Moreover, Israeli teenagers are supposed to analyze the way of life and language mistakes made by those who lived in America for some years and still did not speak English very well. I sometimes ask my students which mistakes the characters of the story make, which customs and traditions they still keep and which new ones they have accepted. The third novel is “The Wave” by M.Rhue which teaches students a higher order of thinking skills (HOTS) to help them identify why the certain events happened in the history, and the result of those actions. While reading this novel they understand what makes a dictatorship and how Hitler succeeded to make the majority of the German population follow his ideology.
Therefore, while teaching English literature, it is highly recommended to keep student’s attention with the help such Cs as Content, Context, Cultural Engagement, Curiosity and Creativity.
1.Content
While teaching, especially in an online classroom, it is especially important to choose the material that can provoke the learners’ interest so that they will be interested what the literature piece is about. Therefore, the Israeli Ministry of Education has created the Literature Program which contains poems, stories and novels whose content is interesting to young Israelis and are easy to follow. Besides, it is highly recommended to give students virtual pre-reading tasks. For instance, general knowledge questionnaires and quizzes for self-checking, working in pairs and small groups. Teaching HOTS while- and after reading together with the traditional content questions, helps to develop critical thinking in the kids of all ages. The content of the certain story or poem can be better understood if you use some pictures and graphic organizers on Miro or Wakelet. Moreover, students can upload them or even create themselves, which also enhances their motivation to learn “boring” literature.
2. Context
Bridging text and context is an important part of the final exam in English Literature in Israeli high schools. The context vies with the literature for the students’ attention. It can include the following things:
· the settings of the poem, the story or the novel
· how it can been read at different times and in different situations
· biographical details about a writer’s life
· how it relates to literary traditions
· times and places referred to in the literature piece
Thus, context is best used to drive student argument about a text, rather than bolted on to demonstrate knowledge.. Since each context requires a special vocabulary and certain acquired skills, what a course often becomes is the study of literature in a particular context. Therefore, before teaching a poem, such as “Count That Day Lost” by George Elliot, we need to let our students know that it was written in Victorian England and to tell or display some virtual materials about general realities of that period. After you have done that, it is a high time to show them a short film where the poem is recited and kids can see some views that will keep their attention and think about the historical, literary and cultural context. Exposing students to other work written at the time can demonstrate how the past, and its people, were just as nuanced and complex as we are now.
3. Cultural engagement
Research claims that learning and understanding literature from a variety of cultures broadens students’ horizons what the society is, who humans are, and why the world has become as it is. Since Israel is a multi-cultural society, it is very important to make your students pay attention to this aspect. In addition to compulsory pieces of literature, Israeli students are supposed to choose some books for home reading. With the ever growing trend of globalization and modernization, it becomes more and more common to see teaching and learning practices on literature that are different from the teachers’ and the students’ cultural backgrounds. Language exists in a socio-cultural context and the intercultural approach is much wider, more demanding, richer and has authentic interpretation of language more than communicative language teaching (CLT) and content-based instruction (CBI). While taking part in an online discussion, both frontally and in groups, students are supposed to discuss the forenamed aspects.
4. Curiosity
As it was mentioned above, it is very important to provoke students’ interest while teaching “boring” literature, especially in virtual classes. For instance, visualizing leads to curious and creative thinking. And brainstorming is a powerful way to encourage students to think creatively. According to the research, it is very important to catch your students’ attention at the very beginning of teaching a new piece of literature, so that it will provoke their interest and motivate them to look forward for next chapters and next literature lessons in general. If you can hook students at the first of a unit, then your job will be a lot easier for the duration of the study and students will be naturally more engaged with the content. Therefore, you can show a short video, tell a proverb, give an interesting quotation or ask a question that will make them think. In other words, you should intrigue them.
When they are intrigued, they can work in pairs, and you can offer them some space on the smart board, so that they will write their ideas and predict what the story or a poem is going to be about. They can work in groups and this collaboration encourages them work together. In such a case, each student is involved in the classroom activity and responsible for the task. Everyone is motivated and no child is left behind.
5. Creativity.
Finally, students can create their own pieces of art. For instance, they can draw pictures of the characters and scenes online and publish them on the walls of the virtual classroom. Moreover, they can invent a different ending of the story or think what might happen ten years later. For instance, they can imagine what might happen if the main character meets someone who influenced his life when he was young and continues to do so. In addition, the main character can find this person, write him a letter, which can be published in the virtual classroom. In my opinion, teachers should divide the class in pairs, so they can play this game. The main character might become a famous and rich person and give interview to different journalists or other people. These activities develop the skills of negotiation and leadership.
Read the whole article, pp.4-9